Manfred Honeck leads Pittsburgh Symphony at Carnegie Hall & returns to New York Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony, L.A. Philharmonic, San Francisco Symphony, London Symphony Orchestra, & Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra in 2025-26
(Sep 2025) — Internationally celebrated Austrian conductor Manfred Honeck embarks on his 18th season as Music Director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra this fall. Highlights of their full season together include a return to New York’s Carnegie Hall, with a program showcasing their Grammy-winning interpretation of Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony (Dec 3), and a new title in their Reference Recordings Pittsburgh Live! series: Dvořák’s “New World” Symphony, due for release next spring. This follows the release last month of Requiem: Mozart’s Death in Words and Music, capturing the conductor’s immersive dramatic conception of Mozart’s Requiem, of which he gives live accounts with both the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (Nov 20–23) and San Francisco Symphony (Feb 26–March 1). His other U.S. dates comprise returns to the New World Symphony (Dec 13 & 14), Los Angeles Philharmonic (April 2–4), and New York Philharmonic, where he leads works by Beethoven and Richard Strauss (Jan 29–Feb 1), while his extensive European highlights include 200th anniversary celebrations of “waltz king” Johann Strauss II, in Vienna, Bamberg, Stockholm, Paris (Oct 3–25) and Hamburg (Dec 30–Jan 1), and returns to the Leipzig Gewandhaus (Dec 18 & 19) and London Symphony (Jan 25) orchestras.
PSO season: return to Carnegie Hall, America 250 festival, & more
In the 18th season of his Pittsburgh Symphony (PSO) partnership, Honeck and the orchestra return to New York’s Carnegie Hall with a program of Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony, of which their “refined yet coruscating recording” (The New York Times) won the 2018 Grammy Award for “Best Orchestral Performance”; the New York premiere of Frozen Dreams, a PSO commission from Austrian-American composer Lera Auerbach, who writes music of “extraordinary power and intensity” (The New Yorker); and Rachmaninov’s Paganini Variations, with Chopin Competition winning Korean pianist Seong-Jin Cho as soloist (Dec 3). Anticipating this performance as one “we’re excited to hear” at Carnegie Hall next season, The New York Times observes:
“Honeck’s directorship of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra must be counted as one of the country’s most successful conductor-ensemble collaborations, his thoughtful interpretations of the standard repertory inflaming the players’ super-committed virtuosity.”
The New York concert punctuates Honeck’s busy season with the orchestra, which they kick off with an Opening Night Gala, featuring superstar pianist Yuja Wang (Sep 20), and conclude with two programs in America250, the orchestra’s celebration of homegrown music, which commemorates the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Their first festival program combines Joan Tower’s Tambor, a PSO commission, with Bernstein’s Chichester Psalms, Copland’s Lincoln Portrait, and John Adams’s The Wound-Dresser, with baritone Matthias Goerne as soloist (June 12 & 14), and their second presents Grammy winner Augustin Hadelich in Barber’s Violin Concerto alongside the world premiere of a new PSO commission from Grammy-winning composer Michael Daugherty (June 19–21).
Two of Honeck’s spring collaborations with the orchestra will be recorded for future release. Both pair PSO commissions with monuments of the Austrian Romantic tradition: Adgilis Deda – Hymn for Orchestra by Hindemith Prize winner Samy Moussa will be heard alongside Bruckner’s mighty Eighth Symphony (Feb 20–22), and Yizkor, a work dedicated to victims of the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting, by Israel-based Russian composer Boris Pigovat, will be juxtaposed with Mahler’s Second “Resurrection” Symphony (March 13–15).
The conductor’s other upcoming PSO highlights include a seasonal performance of Handel’s Messiah (Dec 9), the world premiere of a new PSO commission from Illinois composer Jacob Bancks (March 6 & 8), and concerto collaborations with pianist Emanuel Ax (March 6 & 8), cellist Gautier Capuçon (Feb 6 & 8), and violinists Alexi Kenney (Sep 26 & 28), Himari (Nov 28 & 30), Randall Goosby (Feb 13–15), and PSO concertmaster David McCarroll (Dec 5 & 7).
New PSO recordings: Requiem: Mozart’s Death in Words and Music & Dvořák’s “New World”
For Honeck and the PSO, these live engagements follow the release on August 29 of Requiem: Mozart’s Death in Words and Music on Reference Recordings. Offering a profound meditation on the composer and his death, the enduring value of Catholic faith and tradition, and the nature of death itself, this captures the conductor’s deeply personal conception of Mozart’s final, unfinished masterpiece. First premiered in Austria more than three decades ago, Honeck’s version of the Requiem omits Süssmayr’s posthumous additions, instead integrating Mozart’s completed portions of the mass with other examples of his sacred choral music, as well as Gregorian chant, church bells, and dramatic spoken word. Captured live in 2023, the recording presents Honeck and the orchestra alongside a stellar quartet of vocal soloists, the Mendelssohn Choir of Pittsburgh, and the Westminster Choir College of Rider University, with expert narration by F. Murray Abraham. The Hollywood and Broadway star who won the Academy and Golden Globe Awards for Best Actor with his portrayal of Antonio Salieri in Amadeus, which fictionalized the relationship between the Italian composer and Mozart, Abraham recently earned Emmy and Golden Globe nominations for his starring roles in the hit television series Homeland and The White Lotus.
Next up from Reference Recordings’ Pittsburgh Live! series is a pairing of Dvořák’s “New World” Symphony with Carlos Simon’s Four Black American Dances, due for release next spring. This was captured live in concert this past February, when Honeck’s interpretation of the work “offered an authentic Central European flavor with buoyant rhythms and a glittering sheen, capped off by a finale that resounded in brassy boisterousness” (Bachtrack).
U.S. guest dates in Chicago, New York, San Francisco, L.A., & Miami
Beyond Pittsburgh, the coming season sees Honeck return to the podiums of five more of the nation’s preeminent ensembles. As “one of the CSO’s most valued guest conductors” (Chicago Tribune), he leads the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus in a dramatic and immersive performance of the completed portions of Mozart’s Requiem, presented – as on Requiem: Mozart’s Death in Words and Music – as they may have been heard at the composer’s own funeral. Interwoven with Gregorian chant and additional choral selections by Mozart, Honeck’s signature take on the Requiem captures “the awe, the majesty and the fright this mass is supposed to inspire” (Bachtrack). Works by Beethoven and Haydn open the CSO program (Nov 20–23), which Honeck subsequently reprises with the San Francisco Symphony (Feb 26–March 1). His past appearances with the California orchestra have consistently shown him to be “a conductor of genuine seriousness and ability” (San Francisco Chronicle).
With the New York Philharmonic, Honeck pairs his own arrangement of music from Richard Strauss’s opera Elektra with Beethoven’s Violin Concerto, featuring Spanish violinist María Dueñas (Jan 29–Feb 1), with whom he made a celebrated recording of the work for Deutsche Grammophon. When he led the same orchestra last year, their collaboration was chosen as a “Critic’s Pick” by The New York Times, which marveled: “Honeck unified the players of the New York Philharmonic using something we don’t often hear from the stage of David Geffen Hall: a distinct point of view.”
As well as leading Miami’s New World Symphony in an all-Viennese evening of Haydn, Mahler, and Johann Strauss II (Dec 13 & 14), Honeck returns to the Los Angeles Philharmonic for Tchaikovsky’s Fifth Symphony, Haydn’s 93rd, and Reinecke’s Flute Concerto, featuring the orchestra’s principal flutist Denis Bouriakov (April 2–4). Of Honeck’s recent recording of Tchaikovsky’s Fifth, The New York Times writes:
“It is not easy to listen to at times, and there is scant resolution at the close. But this Fifth, one of the greatest ever recorded, does make one conclusion inescapable, though it is more of a confirmation by now: There has not been a conductor like Honeck in a long time.”
Celebrating J. Strauss II at 200 in Vienna, Bamberg, Hamburg, Stockholm, & Paris
This coming October 25 marks the 200th birthday of Viennese “waltz king” Johann Strauss II. As an Austrian-born former member of the Vienna Philharmonic string section, Honeck “has the Strauss family’s music in his bones” (Financial Times). “There’s no one better to explore the repertoire of Johann Strauss II,” affirms Classic FM; “Honeck succeeds in bringing out the subtler and softer side of Strauss … which makes the climaxes all the more thrilling.” Unsurprisingly, then, the conductor has been chosen to helm celebrations of the composer’s bicentennial with five of Europe’s foremost orchestras this fall. After conducting concerts of Strauss, Lehár, and von Suppé that open the Bamberg Symphony season (Oct 3–5), he leads similar waltz-themed programs with the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic (Oct 9 & 11), Orchestre national de France (Oct 17 & 18), and Hamburg’s NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra, with which his festive appearances ring in the orchestra’s New Year (Dec 30–Jan 1). These engagements flank his return to the Vienna Symphony Orchestra for an all-Strauss event featuring violinist Anne Sophie Mutter and the Vienna Boys Choir, held on the anniversary itself (Oct 25).
Additional European engagements in Leipzig, London, & beyond
Later this season, Honeck rejoins both the NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra, for Schmidt’s oratorio Das Buch mit sieben Siegeln (May 1 & 2), and the Bamberg Symphony, with which he gives programs featuring Tchaikovsky’s Fifth Symphony at the orchestra’s home (Jan 15 & 16) and then on tour in Italy (May 16 & 17).
A Gramophone “Editor’s Choice,” Honeck’s recording of Tchaikovsky’s Fifth couples the work with his own orchestral arrangement of Erwin Schulhoff’s Five Pieces, which is the centerpiece of his upcoming appearances with Germany’s Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Dec 18 & 19). Winter also sees him return to the London Symphony Orchestra for a pairing of Mozart’s 27th Piano Concerto, featuring Imogen Cooper, with Brahms’s German Requiem, performed with vocal soloists Chen Reiss and Gerald Finley (Jan 25). Of the conductor’s Brahms, The Classic Review writes: “By any measure, this is exceptional Brahms playing. … Honeck captures every contrasting emotion.”
The conductor rounds out this full European lineup with returns to the podiums of Germany’s Frankfurt Radio Symphony (Nov 13 & 14), Staatsorchester Stuttgart (April 19 & 20), and Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin (May 24 & 25); Italy’s Filarmonica della Scala (Nov 3) and Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia (Jan 8–11); and Scandinavia’s Helsinki Philharmonic (May 8) and Danish National Symphony Orchestra (June 4 & 5).
Manfred Honeck: 2025–26 engagements
Sep 20
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
Opening Night Gala
Jimmy LÓPEZ: “Techno” from Fiesta!
J. STRAUSS Jr. (arr. NISCHKAUER): “Éljen a Magyár!” (Hail to Hungary!)
SHOSTAKOVICH: “Waltz II” from Suite for Variety Orchestra, No. 1
SARASATE: Navarra
MASCAGNI: “Intermezzo” from Cavalleria rusticana
MANCINI: Strings on Fire
TCHAIKOVSKY: Piano Concerto No. 1 (with Yuja Wang, piano)
Sep 26 & 28
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
Christopher THEOFANIDIS: Rainbow Body
SIBELIUS: Violin Concerto (with Alexi Kenney, violin)
DVOŘÁK: Symphony No. 8
Oct 3–5: concerts with Bamberg Symphony
Oct 3 & 4: Bamberg, Germany (Opening Night concerts)
Oct 5: Erlangen, Germany
(With Jasmin Delfs, soprano; Kinderchor der Bamberger Dommusik)
VON SUPPÈ: Leichte Kavallerie (Light Cavalry) Overture
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Kaiserwalzer (Emperor Waltz)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Der Zigeunerbaron (The Gypsy Baron) Overture
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Éljen a Magyár!” (Hail to Hungary!)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Waldmeister Overture
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Banditen-Galopp (Bandit Gallop)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Mein Herr Marquis” from Die Fledermaus
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Wiener Blut (Viennese Blood)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Sängerslust (Singer’s Joy)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Spiel’ ich die Unschuld vom Lande” from Die Fledermaus
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Unter Donner und Blitz (Thunder and Lightning)
LEHÁR: “Wäre es auch nichts als ein Traum vom Glück” from Eva
LEHÁR: “Meine Lippen, sie küssen so heiss” from Giuditta
Oct 9 & 11
Stockholm, Sweden
Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra
With Emily Pogorelc, soprano
VON SUPPÈ: Leichte Kavallerie (Light Cavalry) Overture
STOLZ: “Du sollst der Kaiser meiner Seele sein” from Der Favorit
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Kaiserwalzer (Emperor Waltz)
LEHÁR: “Meine Lippen, sie küssen so heiss” from Giuditta
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Der Zigeunerbaron (The Gypsy Baron) Overture
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Éljen a Magyár!” (Hail to Hungary!)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Waldmeister Overture
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Banditen-Galopp (Bandit Gallop)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Mein Herr Marquis” from Die Fledermaus
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Wiener Blut (Viennese Blood)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Spiel’ ich die Unschuld vom Lande” from Die Fledermaus
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Auf der Jagd (Off to the Hunt)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Im Krapfenwald’l (In Krapfen Woods)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Unter Donner und Blitz (Thunder and Lightning)
Oct 17 & 18
Paris, France
Orchestre national de France
VON SUPPÈ: Leichte Kavallerie (Light Cavalry) Overture
KORNGOLD: Violin Concerto (with Maria Dueñas, violin)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Der Zigeunerbaron (The Gypsy Baron) Overture
Josef STRAUSS: Die Libelle
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Éljen a Magyár!” (Hail to Hungary!)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Kaiserwalzer (Emperor Waltz)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Auf der Jagd (Off to the Hunt)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Im Krapfenwald’l
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Unter Donner und Blitz (Thunder and Lightning)
Oct 25
Vienna, Austria
Vienna Symphony Orchestra
(With Wiener Sängerknaben)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Waldmeister Overture
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Kaiserwalzer (Emperor Waltz)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Der Zigeunerbaron (The Gypsy Baron) Overture
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Éljen a Magyár!” (Hail to Hungary!)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Wiener Blut (Viennese Blood)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Banditen-Galopp (Bandit Gallop)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Sängerslust (Singer’s Joy)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Unter Donner und Blitz (Thunder and Lightning)
J. STRAUSS Jr. (arr. M. HONECK & T. ILLE): “Czardas” from Die Fledermaus (with Anne Sophie Mutter, violin)
Nov 3
Milan, Italy
Filarmonica della Scala
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Die Fledermaus Overture
RAVEL: Piano Concerto in G (with Benjamin Grosvenor, piano)
SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphony No. 10
Nov 13 & 14
Frankfurt, Germany
Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra
BRAHMS: Violin Concerto (with Leonidas Kavakos, violin)
BRUCKNER: Symphony No. 9
Nov 20–23
Chicago, IL
Chicago Symphony Orchestra
BEETHOVEN: Coriolan Overture
HAYDN: Symphony No. 93
MOZART: Maurerische Trauermusik (Masonic Funeral Music)
MOZART: “Laudate dominum” from Vesperae solennes
MOZART: Requiem
MOZART: Ave verum corpus
Nov 28 & 30
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
HAYDN: Symphony No. 100
BRUCH: Violin Concerto No. 1 (with Himari, violin)
Carlos SIMON: Festive Fanfare and Overture
STRAUSS family: selected waltzes and polkas
Dec 2 & 3: concerts with Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
Dec 2: Pittsburgh, PA
Dec 3: New York, NY (Carnegie Hall)
Lera AUERBACH: Frozen Dreams (Dec 3: New York premiere of PSO commission)
RACHMANINOV: Paganini Variations (with Seong-Jin Cho, piano)
SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphony No. 5
Dec 5 & 7
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
COPLAND: Fanfare for the Common Man
BEETHOVEN: Violin Concerto (with David McCarroll, violin)
SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphony No. 5
Dec 9
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
HANDEL: Messiah
Dec 13 & 14
Miami, FL
New World Symphony
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Die Fledermaus Overture
HAYDN: Symphony No. 93
MAHLER: Symphony No. 4
Dec 18 & 19
Leipzig, Germany
Gewandhaus Orchestra
HAYDN: Symphony No. 93
SCHULHOFF (arr. M. HONECK/T. ILLE): Five Pieces
BRAHMS: Piano Concerto No. 1 (with Francesco Piemontesi, piano)
Dec 30–Jan 1
Hamburg, Germany
NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra
“200 years of Johann Strauss”: New Year’s Eve Concert
With Katharina Konradi, soprano
VON SUPPÈ: Leichte Kavallerie (Light Cavalry) Overture
BRAHMS: Hungarian Dance No. 1 (version for orchestra)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Mein Herr Marquis” from Die Fledermaus
Josef STRAUSS: Die Libelle
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Frühlingsstimmenwalzer (Voices of Spring)
STOLZ: “Du sollst der Kaiser meiner Seele sein” from Der Favorit
Josef STRAUSS: Plappermäulchen (Chatterbox)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Spiel’ ich die Unschuld vom Lande” from Die Fledermaus
VON SUPPÈ: Dichter und Bauer (Poet and Peasant) Overture
J. STRAUSS Jr.: “Éljen a Magyár!” (Hail to Hungary!)
LEHÁR: “Vilja-Lied” from The Merry Widow
LEHÁR: Gold und Silber (Gold and Silver)
LEHÁR: “Wäre es auch nichts als ein Traum vom Glück” from Eva
LEHÁR: “Meine Lippen, sie küssen so heiss” from Giuditta
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Auf der jagd (Off to the Hunt)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Im Krapfenwald’l (In Krapfen Woods)
J. STRAUSS Jr.: Unter Donner und Blitz (Thunder and Lightning)
Jan 8, 10, & 11
Rome, Italy
Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia
WEBER: Oberon Overture
TCHAIKOVSKY: Piano Concerto No. 1 (with Seong-Jin Cho, piano)
DVOŘÁK: Symphony No. 8
Jan 15 & 16
Bamberg, Germany
Bamberg Symphony
TCHAIKOVSKY: Pique Dame Overture
TCHAIKOVSKY: Cello Concerto No. 2 (with Truls Mørk, cello)
TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphony No. 5
Jan 25
London, UK
Barbican Hall
London Symphony Orchestra
MOZART: Piano Concerto No. 27 (with Imogen Cooper, piano)
BRAHMS: Ein deutsches Requiem (with Chen Reiss, soprano; Gerald Finley, bass)
Jan 29–Feb 1
New York, NY
New York Philharmonic
BEETHOVEN: Violin Concerto (with María Dueñas, violin)
R. STRAUSS (arr. M. HONECK/T. ILLE): Elektra – Symphonic Suite
Feb 6 & 8
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
WALKER: Lyric for Strings
BRAHMS: Symphony No. 3
DVOŘÁK: Cello Concerto (with Gautier Capuçon, cello)
Feb 13–15
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
Arturs MASKATS: Tango
MOZART: Violin Concerto No. 5 (with Randall Goosby, violin)
BARBER: Adagio for Strings
BERNSTEIN: Symphonic Dances from West Side Story
Feb 20–22
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
Samy MOUSSA: Adgilis Deda – Hymn for Orchestra
BRUCKNER: Symphony No. 8
Feb 26 & 27; March 1
San Francisco, CA
San Francisco Symphony
BEETHOVEN: Coriolan Overture
HAYDN: Symphony No. 93
“Requiem: Mozart’s Death in Words and Music”: MOZART: Requiem and other works
March 6 & 8
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
Jacob BANCKS: The Greatest Show on Earth (world premiere of PSO commission)
BEETHOVEN: Symphony No. 2
BRAHMS: Piano Concerto No. 1 (with Emanuel Ax, piano)
March 13–15
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
Boris PIGOVAT: Yitzkor (PSO commission)
MAHLER: Symphony No. 2, “Resurrection”
April 2–4
Los Angeles, CA
Los Angeles Philharmonic
HAYDN: Symphony No. 93
REINECKE: Flute Concerto (with Denis Bouriakov, flute)
TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphony No. 5
April 19 & 20
Stuttgart, Germany
Staatsorchester Stuttgart
Carlos SIMON: Four Black American Dances
SCHULHOFF (arr. M. HONECK/T. ILLE): Five Pieces
DVOŘÁK: Symphony No. 9
May 1 & 2
Hamburg, Germany
NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra
SCHMIDT: Das Buch mit sieben Siegeln
May 8
Helsinki, Finland
Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra
MOZART: La clemenza di Tito Overture
HAYDN: Symphony No. 93
SAINT-SAËNS: Violin Concerto No. 3 (with Lilja Haatainen, violin)
SCHULHOFF (arr. M. HONECK/T. ILLE): Five Pieces
May 16 & 17: Italian concerts with the Bamberg Symphony
May 16: Reggio Emilia, Italy
May 17: Ferrara, Italy
SUK: Fantasy (with Julia Fischer, violin)
DVOŘÁK: Romance (with Julia Fischer, violin)
TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphony No. 5
May 24 & 25
Berlin, Germany
Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin
Adolphus HAILSTORK: Lachrymosa: 1919
SIBELIUS: Violin Concerto (with Augustin Hadelich, violin)
TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphony No. 5
June 4 & 5
Copenhagen, Denmark
Danish National Symphony Orchestra
BEETHOVEN: Symphony No. 1
LISZT: “Dante” Symphony
June 12 & 14
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
America250 Festival
Joan TOWER: Tambor (PSO commission)
John ADAMS: The Wound-Dresser (with Matthias Goerne, baritone)
BERNSTEIN: Chichester Psalms
COPLAND: Lincoln Portrait for Narrator and Orchestra
June 19–21
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
America250 Festival
Michael DAUGHERTY: new work (world premiere of PSO commission)
BARBER: Violin Concerto (with Augustin Hadelich, violin)
Jessie MONTGOMERY: Strum
COPLAND: Suite from Appalachian Spring